5 Components of Physical Fitness

While the definition of physical fitness can be a little complex or unclear and the definition of physical fitness can vary, most government health agencies and exercise scientists agree that there are 5 components of physical fitness related to health. 

These components provide a fairly accurate representation of how fit and healthy the body is as a whole (total or overall fitness). 

The 5 components are cardiovascular fitness (also referred to as cardio-respiratory endurance or cardiovascular endurance), muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition.

Let's take a closer look at these components individually.

 

 1.) Cardiovascular fitness (or cardio-respiratory endurance or cardiovascular endurance)

Of the 5 components, cardiovascular fitness is the cornerstone that creates the pathway to improving your other fitness levels.

Cardiovascular fitness is the efficiency with which the body (the heart and lungs) delivers oxygen and nutrients to the required working muscles and transports waste products from the cells over a sustained period of time. Or to put it another way, it's the ability of your heart and lungs to work together to provide the necessary oxygen and fuel to your body without quickly reaching a high level of fatigue and tiredness.

In our daily lives, we need cardiovascular fitness to handle the physical tasks and all of the "running around" we do.

A common test of cardiovascular fitness usually involves some type of sustained running. But typical examples of physical activities that relate to cardiovascular fitness are jogging, swimming, cycling, brisk or speed walking and any type of aerobic exercises. Aerobic exercise is the best way to improve cardiovascular fitness.

2.) Muscular strength

Muscular strength is the maximum amount of force (weight or heavy resistance) a muscle or muscle group can generate in a single effort to the point that no more repetitions can be done without rest. Muscular strength is quite the opposite of cardiovascular fitness in regards to the fact that cardiovascular fitness is measured over a certain period of time. While on the other hand, muscular strength is measured in one repetition.

In our daily lives, we need modest levels of strength to be able to perform everyday physical tasks like lifting, moving, carrying, etc.

A common test to measure upper body strength is some type of weightlifting exercise, such as the bench press. Anaerobic weightlifting exercises like the bench press, leg press, shoulder press, or bicep curls are examples of the best ways to improve muscular strength.

 

 

3.) Muscular endurance

Muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle or group of muscles to perform repeated movements (or to hold a particular position) with less than maximum force for an extended period of time or until muscular fatigue. Or, to put it simplistically, it's how long your muscles can do something before getting too exhausted to finish.

Be careful not to confuse muscular endurance with muscular strength. While they can work together, they are definitely not the same. For many athletes, there may be a need to distinguish between muscular strength and muscular endurance. But for everyday people who want to easily perform their daily routines, are trying to stay healthy and fit, and just want to enjoy physical activities like hiking, biking, or just playing in the park with their children, muscular endurance plays a major role in fitness.

Common testing for muscular endurance can be dynamic (the ability to repeat contractions) or static (the ability to sustain a contraction). Dynamic tests would be to see how many push-ups or sit-ups, for example, a person can complete in a designated amount of time (e.g. 30 seconds, a minute, or maybe longer). Or, without being timed, the person could do as many repetitions of the exercise as they could until they couldn't do anymore. An example of a static test would be the flexed-arm hang whereby the performer hangs on a bar until the designated stopping time or until they become too weak to continue hanging.

Muscular endurance can be improved by both aerobic and anaerobic exercises. Some examples would be biking, step machines and elliptical machines.

4.) Flexibility

Flexibility is the ability to move the joints or any group of joints, muscles, ligaments, and tendons through their full, normal range of motion without hindrance, discomfort, or pain.

Flexibility is actually more important to physical fitness than people realize. Not only does flexibility play a big role in performing many daily tasks, but maintaining or even increasing your flexibility is critical to protecting your joints and keeping them healthy. In addition, being flexible contributes to improving your lower back health, reducing the appearance and effects of arthritis, and reducing muscle-tendon injuries.

Not everyone has the same flexibility or flexibility requirements. Your flexibility tells you how limber you are. And, when it comes to testing your flexibility fitness level, the sit-and-reach test is most often used.

Stretching is the best way to improve flexibility. And, most fitness experts recommend a daily routine of static stretches for each joint.

5.) Body composition

Body composition is the percentage of fat in your body compared to your lean body mass (muscles, bones, tendons, ligaments, organs, etc.).

Body composition is a better indicator of your overall fitness condition than body weight. So understand that your total body weight or what you see on your bathroom scale does not tell you how much fat or lean body mass (muscle) you have.

Body composition is useful in helping to determine health risks. Therefore, knowing your body composition and how it relates to your overall fitness level is essential. An optimal ratio of fat mass to lean mass is a clear indicator of good fitness.

 

Your body composition is a consequence of the extent that you perform the other components of physical fitness. In other words, when you improve the other four components, it will have a positive impact on body composition resulting in less body fat. Alternatively, when you have a high body fat content ratio, you are considered overweight or possibly obese. And, it negatively affects the other fitness components as well as your daily performance, your appearance, and your overall health.

There are several methods that can be used to calculate body composition. The best method is underwater weighing. But due to the expense, this isn't practical for the everyday person. Incidentally, if you can go to a university or some other place that is set up to do it, it would be well worth your time to check it out. Therefore, the most common method of determining your body composition is skinfold readings - using skinfold calipers and taking measurements from certain areas of your body.

A regular program involving aerobic exercise and strength training can help you decrease your body fat and increase your muscle mass; and thereby, significantly improving your body composition and general overall health and fitness.

In conclusion, you now know that being fit is not just about being able to bench press a lot of weight, but you also need to know how well you can handle running a mile, for example, and a few other things. The key is that by understanding the 5 components of physical fitness, you'll be better able to assess your fitness level and determine what specific health and fitness goals you'd like to achieve.

Source:Donald Holland Ezine

Which Is Better For Muscle Mass? Full Body Workout Vs. Split Routine

Full body workouts versus split routines for goals of maximizing muscle growth. There are many possible ways for you to lay out a weekly training routine for muscle building. 

You could do full body workouts multiple times per week, do various 3, 4, and 5 day split routines, or you could simply alternate days between upper body and lower body workouts. But which approach is going to be superior for gaining muscle at the fastest rate while building a well-rounded, well proportioned physique? 

Full Body vs. Split Routines

There seems to be a bit of a push recently in favor of a full body routine, especially for beginners. Since muscle protein synthesis is only elevated in a given muscle for around three days after it's been trained, more and more people seem to be in favor of higher training frequencies as a way to maximize growth. Also, it is a fact that muscles do seem to adapt to higher training frequencies by recovering at an increasingly efficient pace over repeated sessions. Therefore, it would seem to make sense that just hammering every single muscle three days per week would be the best way to go. Now this does look good on paper, but in the real world it's really not that simple. Split routines are quite a bit better than full body workouts if your primary goal is optimized muscular hypertrophy, and to build a complete well-balanced physique. 

So before we outline the specific reasons why we think this is the case:

First off, we're not saying that a full body approach doesn't work. All we're saying is that it's probably not the very best option available. Any workout routine that allows for progressive overload over time is going to produce no worthy sized gains. A full body workout can obviously accomplish that.

Secondly, based on the goal of maximizing muscle growth for the serious trainee. Full body workouts are definitely a viable option in a variety of cases, especially if you're interested in gaining muscle, but not necessarily at a maximum level.

Full body workouts are suitable if you're just looking to improve your overall health and fitness, and you want to include a resistance training program in your plan. Additionally, it would be recommended if your goal is fat loss, and you want to employ a faster-paced circuit training style workout to maximize calorie burning, while still providing decent stimulation to your muscles. Or if hypertrophy is not your main concern, and you're more focused on developing total body strength and functionality. For example, if you are a power lifter or athlete. 

From a muscle-building perspective

So now that we've covered that, let's go over a few key reasons why a full body workout is actually inferior to a split routine from a pure muscle-building perspective.

A full body workout does not allow for complete focused development of each individual muscle group. If you truly want to optimize your total body gains, you usually need to perform at least a couple of different exercises for each muscle group in order to target the various functions of that muscle. Now a full body workout is usually not going to allow for this. There's no way that you can enter the gym, and fully cover all the necessary movements that are needed for your chest, shoulders, biceps, triceps, and your back, because they are made up of many individual muscle groups. Also your quads, hamstrings, calves, and abs all in one workout session is just not going to happen. Unless you want to be at the gym for many hours on end. Even then, it just isn't practical from a strength and energy perspective, which brings me to the next point. 

A full body routine will likely make your workout too long. It won't allow you to maintain peak mental focus and strength from the start of your session all the way to the end. So even if you were able to train your entire body in a single workout, it would likely require you to be in the gym for an unreasonable amount of time, like in excess of 2 hours. Even if that specific time frame is not an issue for you, the necessary mental focus and energy that would be required to make sure that every single muscle is training with equal intensity is just not going to be there for the overwhelming majority of trainees. Which ever muscle groups are being trained toward the latter half of your session would inevitably suffer, and so would their resulting development. 

Disadvantages of a full body workout (bodybuilding perspective)

A full body workout may prevent you from utilizing enough total training volume per muscle group. Not only will a full body routine likely prevent you from including all the necessary movements that are needed in the order to maximize your total body gains, but it will also probably prevent you from performing enough total training volume as well. Your muscles need to be overloaded in the gym by training with weights that are either at or beyond their total capacity. They also need to be put through enough overall metabolic fatigue, which is largely a function of the total number of sets that you perform. Even if you performed just four total sets for each of the major muscle groups that was previously listed, that alone would be a workout that totals around 32 sets.

The risk of over training with a full body workout

A full body workout is going to increase the chances of burn out from overtraining. Yes, the concept of over training was probably exaggerated in the past, and we now know that most hard training bodybuilders and athletes can recover much more effectively than was once thought. Nonetheless, let's assume that you are able to hit every single muscle group using all the necessary exercises and sets. Throughout multiple hour sessions several days per week, this is still going to be very taxing for most people, and in addition to this, training the same muscle group three times a week will also likely put your joints under an excessive amount of stress as well. 

Additional accessory work

Finally, a full body workout is going to make it a lot more difficult to include additional accessory work if necessary. Things like external rotations for the rotator cuff, or specific core work that you need to do or stay focused for. A basic full body workout is going to be hard enough to execute on its own, without even considering additional accessory work.

What split routine will achieve that a full body workout will not:

#1 It's going to allow for complete balanced development of all your body's major muscle groups.

#2 It will limit your workouts to a reasonable time frame, and allow you to maintain peak focus and energy throughout the entire session.

#3 It's going to allow you to utilize total volume per muscle group in order to maximize overall metabolic fatigue and overload.

#4 It's going to prevent you from burning out in over training, and allow you to easily include additional accessory work in your program if necessary.

Not to mention that a split routine is just downright more fun to execute for most people. Not only is an enjoyable training session a good thing in itself, it's also going to make it more likely that you'll stick to your program over the long run. 

So what type of split routine should you choose?

Well there's no end to the number of different ways you can figure this out. We personally prefer to split the muscles up over three different sessions. As a quick recommendation, here's one good way to go about this: a legs-push-pull structure is a good solid way to do things. Legs on day one, chest, shoulders, triceps on day two, back and biceps on day three. Just perform the workout routine 4-5 days per week, rotating through each muscle group as you go. This is a more realistic, sustainable, enjoyable, and effective approach to gaining muscle over the long run, compared to performing a full body workout multiple days per week.

Source Mike Asara

Body Weight Workouts for a Strong Body

Bodyweight workouts are very misunderstood and under-estimated ways of enhancing muscle tone and strength. Many trainers and fitness seekers can't see past traditional bodyweight workouts consisting of push-ups, pull-ups and dips.

 

 Both men and women can follow body weight workouts and get great results that are in line with fitness goals ranging from slimming, shaping and toning to strengthening and lean muscle building.
A big hurdle for most people to get over when considering body weight workouts for fitness is the question of, "How can a body weight workout routine replace one that uses weight training and machines?"

It is easy to see how psychology can be an obstacle in trying to help people understand that properly structured bodyweight workouts can be better than traditional weight-lifting and exercise machine workouts. Traditional workouts offer many variations, almost endless actually. Where as bodyweight workouts rely on creativity mixed with a good understanding of how the body functions and what exercises stimulate healthy and safe fitness progress.

 

Many fitness pros believe that body-weight workouts offer just a limited amount of exercise options and are very general at best, meaning that there is no ability to target and isolate specific muscle groups during a bodyweight workout. This is a big mis-perception that prevents many fitness success stories from ever becoming a reality.

Here's the reason why. When people get into the 'health club mentality' of only being able to workout with equipment, weights and machines, they set themselves up for many episodes of 'falling off the program' and failing. Bodyweight workouts eliminate this excuse.

Here's an example where bodyweight workouts are a million times more effective than regular old gym workouts. You go on vacation or you go out of town on business, or maybe to visit family for several days. So many times these events become excuses for people not sticking to their fitness plan because they 'couldn't go to a gym'. With a well-rounded, bodyweight workout program this excuse is not valid.

The right body weight workouts can be done anywhere and anytime. They can be done at home, the office, a fiend's house or even on a play-ground. And in terms of effectiveness - I can only say through personal experience with my own bodyweight workouts and those of the people who I have trained that when planned properly and followed consistently, bodyweight workouts can be even more effective than most weight lifting or machine based workout programs.

Body weight workouts offer 'fitness veterans' - a refreshing, eye-opening alternative to the those repetitive weight and machine training programs. Even more importantly, bodyweight workouts offer sedentary fitness beginners a safe, non-intimidating and effective method for starting a home based fitness program with a high probability for success.

Whether you are just beginning or you've been 'pumping the weights' for some time now, give some consideration to the benefits and advantages of properly structured body weight workouts and how they can help you move forward in your fitness and conditioning goals. Open up your mind to the possibility of a bodyweight workout being a part of your overall fitness plan and see what happens. You'll be very pleased and maybe a bit surprised with the results you experience.

 Damian@FitnHealthy

10 THINGS TO KNOW ABOUT MUSCLE FIBERS

Toning up, or improving muscle definition, is one of the most common goals of individuals starting an exercise program. The term tone comes from “tonus,” which is the technical term for a state of contraction of a muscle fiber. If all of the fibers within a muscle contract, it creates the shape commonly associated with a well-defined muscle. 

The primary purpose of muscle fibers is to control physical forces moving through the body. Muscle-shortening actions can generate a force to move a resistance; for example, when moving from a seated to a standing position, the quadriceps and gluteus maximus shorten to help the body stand up against gravity. Muscle-lengthening actions can be applied to control and decelerate a force; for example, the quadriceps and glutes lengthen to control the motion of the body as it returns to a seated position. If you are interested in designing exercise programs that produce results, it is important to have a good understanding of how muscle fibers work and respond to exercise. 

To more effectively help your clients achieve their fitness goals, keep in mind these important facts about muscle fibers and how they are affected by exercise: 

Muscle fibers adapt to the specific type of exercise stimulus imposed during training. Mechanical stress refers to the physical stresses applied during resistance training, which cause microtrauma to muscle fibers. As fibers are damaged from exercise, they signal the biochemical reaction to produce new satellite cells responsible for repairing the mechanical structure of the muscle cell and for building new muscle proteins.

Muscle fibers are activated by a motor neuron, which is the connection between the central nervous system and the specific muscle required to perform a particular activity. A muscle motor unit is the motor neuron and the attached muscle fibers. Think of a motor unit as a light switch for the muscle—as a muscle is required to generate a force, the motor units will “light up” to stimulate the fibers to shorten in order to produce that force. There are a number of different muscle unit types, which are typically organized into three general categories: type I, type IIA and type IIB

According to the all-or-none theory, a motor unit is either active or inactive. When it is signaled to contract, it activates all of its attached muscle fibers. Slow-twitch motor units have a low threshold for activation and low conduction velocities, and are attached to type I muscle fibers. Fast-twitch motor units have a higher activation threshold, are attached to type II muscle fibers and are capable of conducting signals at higher velocities, resulting in greater amounts of muscle force.

Type I fibers are known as aerobic fibers. These fibers have a higher density of mitochondria, which are efficient at aerobic metabolism (the process of creating energy to fuel muscle activity with oxygen). The mitochondria give the cell a darker color, which is why these are known as red muscle fibers. Type I fibers use oxygen to create energy for lower-intensity, long-term, endurance-oriented activities like walking, running, swimming, cycling or standing for extended periods of time. 

Type IIB fibers are known as anaerobic muscle fibers. Type IIB fibers store energy that is released for short, explosive, extremely high-intensity activities. Type IIB fibers do not have mitochondria and have a colorless appearance, which is why they are known as white fibers. Because they have a limited supply of stored energy, and thus fatigue quickly, Type IIB fibers are used for strength and power activities requiring a high amount of force in a short period of time.

Type IIA fibers have mitochondria, so they can be involved in aerobic activities; however, they can also be used to produce force rapidly during activities requiring a high amount of strength or power. Fast-twitch muscle fibers also have a greater diameter than type I fibers and play a more significant role in hypertrophy (the technical term for muscle growth). Recruiting and innervating type II muscle fibers requires creating enough mechanical overload to fatigue the involved muscle by the end of the set.

Muscle fibers work according to the size principle. As a muscle requires force, it will start by activating the smaller type I motor units. When these type I motor units can’t provide the necessary force (or fatigue), the larger type II motor units and muscle fibers are recruited to perform the work. A muscle has a finite number of motor units and the higher-threshold type II motor units are not “turned on” unless a high level of force is needed. The most common way to increase motor unit activation is to lift heavier weights, because an increased load placed on a muscle will cause a greater number of motor units to activate more fibers to generate the force necessary to overcome the resistance. This is why your muscles shake when you try to lift a heavy weight for the first time—muscle motor units not previously used are being “woken up” and called into action.

Muscle fibers experience two specific types of hypertrophy. Myofibrillar hypertrophy refers to the increase in size or thickness of individual actin and myosin protein filaments, which can improve the force-production capacity of individual fibers. Myofibrillar hypertrophy does not lead to larger muscles; rather, it results in thicker muscle fibers capable of generating more force. Sarcoplasmic hypertrophy is an increase in the volume of the semifluid interfibrillar substance surrounding an individual muscle fiber. This fluid contains the proteins used to promote tissue repair and growth. The muscle “pump” that bodybuilders work to achieve is actually sarcoplasmic hypertrophy—the cross-section of muscle fibers will increase, but most of the enhanced muscle size is due to an increased volume of the sarcoplasm and non-contractile proteins not directly involved with force production.

One of the long-term adaptations of muscle to resistance training is an increase in muscle fiber cross-width. As the cross-sectional area increases in size, the fibers have more surface tension and become capable of generating higher amounts of force. Muscles with a larger cross-sectional area of individual muscle fibers are capable of producing greater amounts of force. In addition to being responsible for producing the force necessary for dynamic movements, type II muscle fibers have a greater diameter (cross-width) than type I fibers and are responsible for the hypertrophy, or increased size, of a particular muscle.

Type IIA and IIB muscle fibers are responsible for generating movement as well as muscle size and definition. Both classifications of type II muscle fibers create higher levels of force to produce human movement and are known as phasic muscles. Type I fibers are responsible for maintaining postural and joint stability, and can be categorized as tonic muscles. 

Source Pete McPete McCall | ACE 

Bodyweight Calisthenics: Give Your "Cardio" A Kick In The Pants

If you are one of the people who believe steady-state aerobic exercise is the only way to improve cardiorespiratory endurance and burn fat, you're in for a treat. Bodyweight calisthenics are an excellent way to get a full body workout that includes the heart and lungs. I'll show you how to use bodyweight exercise in a second, but first let's talk a little about cardiorespiratory endurance.

Cardiorespiratory endurance is the level of ability your body has to gather, process, deliver and sustain oxygen to produce energy for use in physical activity. Basically, the respiratory system gathers and starts to process the oxygen. The cardiovascular system continues to process and distributes the oxygen. So, your cardiorespiratory endurance is the level of efficiency your heart and lungs have to sustain and deliver oxygen for energy.

So, when most people want to improve their endurance they do cardiorespiratory conditioning exercises (cardio) to improve endurance by "conditioning" the heart and lungs. Unfortunately, the form of cardiorespiratory conditioning usually takes the form of aerobic exercise. And bodyweight calisthenics are completely ignored! But the fact is, any activity can improve cardiorespiratory endurance if they are done properly, and bodyweight exercises and calisthenics are an excellent choice.

There is something important I should mention. The type of cardio conditioning you do improves over-all endurance. But, the increased endurance is most closely related to the activity used. This means if you ride an exercise bike, your cardiorespiratory endurance will primarily be improved for bike riding. This is fine if you ride a bike in your normal, everyday life. But this has limited application for most people who are involved in a wide variety of activities both in and out of the gym.

If, on the other hand, you use bodyweight calisthenics for your cardio conditioning, you are using a wide variety of movements and muscles. Bodyweight exercises and calisthenics more closely represent the movements of highly random movements encountered in sport, work and life. So, you could make a case that cardiorespiratory conditioning using bodyweight calisthenics is better for endurance improvement that can be used in and out of the gym.

Plus, bodyweight calisthenics use all the muscles in your body. Compare this to the predominately lower body exercises of jogging or riding a bike. So, using bodyweight exercises allow you to build a strong, lean physique while improving cardiorespiratory endurance and burning fat!

Just think about it. Let's say you do a fast paced bodyweight workout consisting of a circuit of bodyweight exercises and calisthenics. You'll simultaneously build strong muscles and burn fat while improving heart and lung function. You wouldn't even have to do a long, slow aerobic workout to supplement your training.

I hope this article has opened you eyes to the wide variety of possibilities available to improve cardiorespiratory endurance. You don't always have to do long-slow aerobic exercise. And the truth is, using other forms of training to simultaneously improve heart and lung power can prepare you better for the challenges of sport, work and life. Bodyweight calisthenics are an excellent choice for both building a strong, lean, athletic physique and building a strong heart and lungs.

Damian@FitnHealthy 

Cardio Wothout Burning Muscle

 

Cardio training is beneficial for your health. However, it is hard for a person to determine the perfect combination of training, diet and recovery time. Most athletes are aware that too much cardio can come at the price of muscle loss.

If you want to keep your fat percentage rate under control, you have to strike a healthy balance between diet and exercises. Both cardio and strength training are integral parts of a well balanced fitness program. However, can we say how much cardio is enough?

How long should it be?

The longer the cardio session continues, the more fat the body burns. This myth is still widespread among people who want to lose weight. In reality, a long cardio session, lasting an hour or two, will not burn the fat you want to get rid of; on the contrary, it may put your body in a catabolic state. Such a state poses the risk of muscle breakdown, which in turn leads to a slower metabolism. To put it in layman's terms: burning fat will become mission impossible or at least it will be very hard to achieve.

How much is too much?

There is no formula to measure what is the optimal duration of a cardio session.
It is very specific and it is determined not only by individual characteristics but by the fitness goals of the athlete as well.

If you design your fitness program, so that you have a low-intensity cardio session, it may not be as effective as you wish. On the other hand, if you overdo it with a high-intensity cardio, you may lose muscle tissue.

More than 2 hours a day is too much unless you are preparing for a marathon or for the Olympics. Half an hour will do you much more good than an endless session on the treadmill. You should pay attention to what you eat and how intensive is your workout. Consume sufficient amounts of proteins and calories, that will give your body fuel to endure the intensity of the workout.

Interval training

Some Fitness gurus claim that interval training is the best option for athletes that want to retain their muscle mass intact. Interval training combines the best of low and high intensity training. It is simply a series of intense activity intervals followed by intervals of lighter activity. It is a great addition to your workout because you can shake up the routine a little bit. The benefits are considerable: you will improve your aerobic capacity, burn more calories and less muscle and most importantly keep the boredom at bay

Last but not least, don't forget to eat healthy food rich in proteins. The fastest way to gain muscle without burning the muscle tissue you already have is to choose a balanced program and to take some kind of body building supplements that will give you energy, help you burn more calories and gain mass faster.

Source Ellie Dan |Go

7 Ideas to Take Your Fitness Training Outside

Are you getting bored with your current training routine? 

Are you sick of driving to the gym to work out when the weather is so nice? 

Are you stuck in a fitness rut and looking for some new ideas to renew progress? 

Let's face it. Driving 30 minutes to the gym to walk on the treadmill and lift weights does not make much sense when the weather is nice. Not to mention you have been cooped-up all winter long, you are bored out of your mind with your fitness routine, and you have not seen any progress in months.

Sit back and get comfortable. I am going to share with you some ideas that will get you outside, get you interested in training again, and will help you experience a level of progress that you have not seen in years. Interested? I hope that you said YES!

In my 10 years in the fitness game I have found that it keeps coming back to a couple key points. One: You need to try to strive to do more from training session to training session. Two: We all need regular variety in their training (for psychological and physiological reasons). Today I am going to talk about the second point and teach you how getting a little variety in your training can help get you back on track. Check out these outdoor training ideas to add a little variety to your routine:

1. Take your weight training outside to mix it up: During the summer months I really enjoy taking my strength training outside. I love taking my weights out into my backyard or to the local park. Training with a loved one or a group of dedicated friends is a great way to do it. Some of the training tools that work well for outdoor training are kettlebells (shown in the picture below -- looks like a big bowling ball with a handle), clubbells (a weighted bat), medicine balls (fun to throw around), sled dragging (great for athletes), weighted vest workouts, sandbag training (nothing fancy here, just sand in a bag), and good old dumbbells.

2. Try Some Interval Training to increase fat loss: Look, the "fat-burning" zone is a myth. Sure your body does use fat as an energy source after 30 minutes of continuous exercise at a certain intensity but the sports scientists have shown us that shorter efforts of higher intensity exercise can be even more effective at decreasing your body fat percentage (did you ever wonder why sprinters are so lean without having to run for 30 minutes straight???). A great way to incorporate interval training into your summer training can be as simple as warming up for 5-10 minutes and then alternating 30 seconds of more intense effort with 30 seconds of a more moderate effort. You could do this on your mountain bike, road bike, doing hill sprints, kayak sprints, jump roping, sprints on the track, or even doing a bodyweight callisthenic such as jumping jacks. Enjoy!

3. Perform mini-workouts throughout the day: A simple way to fit in some outdoor training is to pick any exercise and take short exercise breaks outside. You could walk out of your office and perform a set of squats, walking lunges, elevated push-ups, stair climbs where you skip steps, or even calf raises. Remember: It's your total energy expenditure at the end of the day that is important -- not doing it all at once.

4. Do some yard work: The yard is a mess so you might as well get a workout and be productive at the same time. Try stacking wood, raking leaves, building a rock wall, digging a hole (you decide what for), walk with a loaded wheelbarrow, carry things across the yard over your head, spread some mulch around your new plants that you just put in the hole you dug earlier.

5. Take in some scenery: Make the world your gym. Commercial health clubs have nothing on Mother Nature. Get yourself outside and go for a walk in the local park, go hiking, kayaking, mountain biking, and go to the beach to run in the sand or jump in the waves. Getting outdoors can be a great way to adopt a fitness lifestyle and add some variety to your current training program.

6. Go for obstacle walks: A cool way to add some variety to your routine is to mix in some bodyweight calisthenics such as squats, push-ups, and jumping jacks into your summer walks to increase calorie expenditure and challenge your body. Walking on a treadmill is boring and predictable. Going for an obstacle walk through your local park can be a lot more enjoyable and the "chaos" of walking outside could be the right kind of variety you have been looking for.

7. Participate in a summer sports league: Playing sports is a great way to add some variety to your routine and have a blast doing it. There are hiking clubs, mountain biking clubs, road bike clubs, triathlon training clubs, softball leagues, martial arts tournaments, basketball leagues, and more. In fact, I am participating in a summer basketball league for the first time in years and I can't wait to start. It's a great chance to get outside, make new friends, and perform a fitness activity that enhances your life.

There you have it -- 7 ideas to take your fitness training outside and incorporate some variety into your program. One thing to consider is to hit the gym a couple days a week and perform your other workouts outside. Mother Nature has provided us with some great options so get outside this summer and take advantage and I am sure that you will see renewed progress (and you'll have a blast doing it!).

Train with purpose.

Calisthenics Workout

Calisthenics workout programs are a traditional and integral part of any training program because calisthenics workout programs require minimal" equipment and can be performed in almost any location. Calisthenic exercises & workouts, depending on how they are performed, can be used to develop flexibility, muscle strength, muscle endurance, and/or muscle power.

Here we will discuss the benefits and proper use" of calisthenics within the training environment.

The Muscle Strength-Endurance Continuum

Muscle strength and, muscle endurance exist on a continuum. Given that muscle strength is the amount of force generated by one repetition and muscle endurance is the ability to exert force repeatedly over time, improving muscle strength will improve muscle endurance.

The first occasion depends on individual fitness level and how many repetitions can be performed. Individuals who can only perform a low number of repetitions during a calisthenics workout programs (less than 10-12) will develop muscle strength.

Those who can perform a higher number (more than 10-12) will develop muscle endurance. For example, when you first start doing pull-ups you may only be able to perform 9 repetitions. At this point, you are developing muscle strength. As your performance improves, and you are able to perform over 12 repetitions, you begin to develop muscle endurance.

The second occasion occurs where calisthenics workout programs are modified to overload the muscles so that they contribute to strength development.

This can be achieved by any of the following:

Adding weight (e.g., pull-ups or push-ups while wearing a weighted pack) Using a buddy for resistance (e.g., having a buddy sit on your hips while doing bent over calf raises; buddy- assisted leg extensions) Exercising on one side of the body only (e.g., one-legged squats or calf raises) Modifying the exercise (e.g., elevating the legs during push-ups) Super sets/pyramids These modifications can be particularly helpful if weight training facilities are not available and a strength workout is required.

If your one repetition maximum weight is increased, your sub-maximum multiple repetitions can be performed with more weight (resistance).

Muscle strength is developed by performing low-repetition (6-12), high-resistance exercises. When more than 12 repetitions can be performed, the resistance should be increased, and the repetitions decreased.

Muscle endurance is developed by high-repetition (>12), low-resistance exercises.

A set for an exercise is the number of repetitions performed per unit weight.

Increasing the number of repetitions per set develops endurance. For example, if an individual can perform only 10-12 sit-ups using proper technique, the exercise will develop muscle strength.

Once an individual can perform over 15 repetitions per set, muscle endurance is being developed.

Note that strength and short-term efforts have no effect on aerobic capacity because the aerobic/endurance system is not recruited with maximal or heavy loads. In contrast, sustained efforts with a light load recruit the aerobic system and have minimal effect on strength.

Generally, activities of longer duration require more muscle endurance. You should modify your training programs according to the principles of strength and endurance specific to mission requirements.

Muscle strength and endurance are both essential for extreme fitness performance. Muscular strength is also required for many team sports. Muscular endurance is needed when work is required over longer periods of time.

The goal of calisthenics workout programs should be to develop complete muscular fitness (i.e., strength, endurance, and power). Muscle strength provides the foundation for muscle endurance and power. An adequate strength base not only improves performance, but also decreases the likelihood of injury.

For this reason it is recommended that at least two strength workouts (low-repetition [10-12 reps], high resistance exercises per muscle group per week), be part of your calisthenics workout programs.

Traditional calisthenics workout programs performed two to three times a week will develop and maintain muscle endurance. Plyometric exercises when necessary, can also be used to develop muscle power.

Training schedules, lack of exercise equipment, and inadequate nutrition can keep you from maintaining required fitness levels.

Calisthenics workout programs, however, are practical for almost any situation because they can be performed anywhere with minimal equipment. Moreover, calisthenics workout programs can also be modified to provide a strength workout.

 

 Source Thomas Martin, Go